Abstract
Current guidelines for neurogenic bladder (NGB) contain contrasting recommendations in several areas. In this review, the current literature published over the last 5 years will be critically evaluated. A number of novel techniques and therapeutic agents have been introduced in the past 5 years or are currently under investigation. Current guidelines do not take these into account. Mirabegron, electromotive onabotulinumtoxin, hydrogel onabotulinumtoxin, progress in neuromodulation (laparoscopic lead implantation, utility in acute and incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), transrectal neurostimulation, rechargeable MRI-compatible leads and devices), minimally invasive technique and tissue engineering for augmentation cystoplasty (AC), and risk-based surveillance are few of the recent developments in this field. NGB is a major global medical and social problem. Many international guidelines are available to assist the clinician to provide best treatment to this patient population. Many of the guidelines, however, have not been updated and do not take into account new developments. Newer drugs and techniques described in the literature over the last 5 years should influence the established guidelines. It may be time to update some existing guidelines.
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