Abstract
Provision of infection security in transplantology and transfusiology is a challenging and significant problem that depends on the quality of medical donor selection and laboratory diagnosis of the blood collected. At present, a large number of blood-borne viruses are known; nevertheless, in Russia, the list of viral agents to be tested during the examination by the blood service boils down to three ones: HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses. The review article demonstrates the need for implementation of additional laboratory tests for the agents of the priority healthcare-associated blood-borne infections (HAI) using a risk-based approach, i.e., on specified sites and in high risk groups. It presents a methodology for determination of a quantitative blood-induced infection residual risk (BIRR) index to be used while evaluating the efficiency of viral security provision in the blood service.
Highlights
Provision of infection security in transplantology and transfusiology is a challenging and significant problem that depends on the quality of medical donor selection and laboratory diagnosis of the blood collected
A large number of blood-borne viruses are known; in Russia, the list of viral agents to be tested during the examination by the blood service boils down to three ones: HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses
The review article demonstrates the need for implementation of additional laboratory tests for the agents of the priority healthcare-associated blood-borne infections (HAI) using a risk-based approach, i.e., on specified sites and in high risk groups
Summary
Вирус иммунодефицита человека 1-го и 2-го типа (HIV-1, HIV-2) относят к роду Lentivirus. Лабораторное исследование донорской крови на ВИЧ-инфекцию в соответствии с рекомендациями ВОЗ является обязательным. В странах с высоким уровнем доходов для скрининга донорской крови чаще используют определение раннего вирусного антигена р24 ВИЧ-1, антител классов IgM и IgG к HIV-1, HIV-2, а также рибонуклеиновой кислоты (РНК) HIV-1, HIV-2. Т-лимфотропные вирусы человека (HTLV-I, HTLV-II) относят к роду Deltaretrovirus. Лабораторное исследование донорской крови на Т-лимфотропные вирусы человека является обязательным в службе крови США, большинства европейских стран, в эндемичных странах (Япония, страны Центральной Африки и Карибского бассейна)
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