Review of consecutive phacotrabeculectomies supplemented with early needle revision and antimetabolites

Abstract

Background: To describe the results of a novel postoperative management approach for patients undergoing combined cataract and glaucoma surgery supplemented with early needle revision and antimetabolites. Methods: Consecutive retrospective chart review identified 66 patients who had undergone combined cataract and glaucoma surgery with early needling and antimetabolite injections between January 2002 and May 2003; 8 patients were excluded from analysis because of missing data or inadequate follow-up time. Single-site phacotrabeculectomy was performed followed by subconjunctival antimetabolite injections of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Needling was performed as an office procedure if early evidence of subconjunctival scarring was observed 2–6 weeks after surgery. Additional subconjunctival 5-FU injections were administered after needling, and repeat needling was performed with 5-FU or mitomycin-C if subconjunctival scarring recurred. A complete success was defined as a reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) to <18 mm Hg without the use of antiglaucoma medications or further surgical procedures to control IOP. The outcome was considered a qualified success when antiglaucoma medications were required to achieve the same result. Results: The mean preoperative IOP was 21.9 (SD 6.3) mm Hg, and the mean postoperative IOP at 6 months was 13.0 (SD 6.7) mm Hg. The mean number of medications was reduced from 2.9 (SD 1.3) preoperatively to 0.5 (SD 0.9) postoperatively at 6 months. Needling was performed because of early evidence of subconjunctival scarring in 34 patients. The 6-month outcomes of 37 patients (64%) were a complete success and of 47 patients (81%) were a complete or qualified success. A longer follow-up of 10–23 months was attained in 25 of the 58 patients. At latest visit, the mean postoperative IOP of this group was 13.0 (SD 5.5) mm Hg, the mean number of postoperative medications was 0.7 (SD 1), and 21 of the 25 (84%) had achieved a complete or qualified success. The most common complication for all 58 patients was an early, self-limited postoperative wound leak that was unrelated to the needling intervention and was observed in 26 patients (45%). Interpretation: Phacotrabeculectomy supplemented with early needle revision and antimetabolites may improve outcomes of combined cataract and glaucoma surgery.