Review of Biomass Energy Resources with Livestock Manure

Abstract

AbstractThis paper presents different thermochemical conversion processes on different biomass species. The results show it is recommended to use the lowest heating rate to allow a quasi-equilibrium state through slow heating, hence avoiding measurement errors. Thermal degradation of the three main components of the chicken manure was obtained. The initial results show that for the slow heating rates, 5 °C/min, the thermal degradation of the cow manure is different compared to that one obtained from chicken manure. The Hemicellulose decomposition took place at 250 and 300 °C for the chicken manure and cow manure, respectively. The Cellulose decomposition was started at 300 °C for chicken manure and 470 °C for cow manure. Rice husk, the peak of the Pyrolysis of rice husk, is less distributed than the Pyrolysis of chicken manure due to the absence of Hemicellulose and less Lignin content. For CO2 gasification, the chemical reactions, for all different heating rates tested, were endothermic. Consequently, the energy must be supplied in terms of heating to sustain the reaction, while air gasification was exothermic, which means that the reaction can be sustained without external heating where the self-ignition was observed between 450 and 600 ℃. In addition, it was observed that carbon dioxide had the most complicated mechanism with four stages. CO-Pyrolysis, results show the 40% RH-60%CH decreasing the activation energy by 12% compared to Chicken manure. In addition, an increase in the mass conversion by more than 3% was achieved. The 40% CM-60% CH shows a positive result in terms of keeping an exothermic reaction over the co-Pyrolysis process.KeywordsThermochemicalPyrolysisGasificationCo-PyrolysisChicken manureCow manureRice husk