Abstract
Batteries are gaining entry into every home and office for they are widely used because of their variant benefits. However, these batteries are prone to failure caused by charge imbalance in the batteries connected in either series or parallel, which can sometimes be catastrophic and hence they require to be properly monitored in a real-time manner. There exist many battery balancing schemes which are broadly grouped into either passive or active schemes. All these schemes have their own advantages and disadvantages, and hence it is upon the user to decide on which scheme will best work for them. However, research has proven that the hybrid scheme will be the best as it couples the benefits of all schemes. This study will review the various battery cell balancing methodologies and evaluate their relationship with battery performance. At present there are a few studies tackling the mechanical vibration of battery balancing performance. This study shows that battery balancing performance during long-term should be evaluated from various temperature and vibration frequencies.
Highlights
In the transport industry, large battery packs provide high output power without producing harmful emissions like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons which are associated with gasoline-powered combustion engines
Despite the coulombic charge-discharge efficiency of lithium-ion battery (LIB) being close to 100%, this value changes when the battery pack is constructed as the cells are incorporated into it, due to the energy that is consumed by the battery management system (BMS), and the cell balancing circuits [74], [75]
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS FOR BATTERY PACK HEALTH ANALYSIS The performance of LIB cells considered in this review is of the Panasonic 18650 battery cells, and the data was obtained from the National Center for Materials Service Safety (NCMS)
Summary
Large battery packs provide high output power without producing harmful emissions like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons which are associated with gasoline-powered combustion engines. The BMS performs the battery cell balancing to ensure that the charge is maximized so that the battery can deliver the required amount of charge at all times [21]–[23], otherwise the imbalance may lead to increased losses and or heating effects [24], [25], reduced charge, low energy efficiency, and accelerated degradation [26].
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