Abstract
The Walter Soyka species of Anaphes Haliday are reviewed and placed in context among the remaining world species. An analysis of his descriptions and identification keys is presented, and discussed in light of a broader interpretation of intraspecific variation in Anaphes species than Soyka accepted. An illustrated diagnosis of Anaphes is given and the species in Europe considered to be valid are keyed-14 species in Anaphes (Anaphes) and 15 species in Anaphes (Patasson). The 244 names of world Anaphes are tabulated in various ways and their type localities, if known, are mapped. All available valid names and their synonyms, mostly from among the 155 nominal species described by Soyka, are catalogued, with details of type material and collecting information. A total of 167 synonyms are listed, 17 of which are synonyms proposed by earlier authors and 149 of which are proposed as new synonyms. Lectotypes are designated for Mymar ferreirei Soyka and Yungaburra acutiventris Soyka. Nine nomina dubia, 2 names of fossil species that most likely do not belong to Anaphes, 3 unavailable names and 20 species transferred to other genera are listed separately; among the latter, Anagrus foersteri (Ratzeburg) is transferred to Erythmelus Enock as E. foersteri (Ratzeburg), comb. n. Host records published from 1985-2015 are tabulated; most are from the literature but a few are from unpublished records found on slide mounted Anaphes specimens in various collections, mostly in Europe. The merits of classifying the available names of nominal species into an earlier classification with subgenera Anaphes (Anaphes) and Anaphes (Patasson) instead a later classification consisting of species groups within Anaphes (Anaphes) and Anaphes (Yungaburra) are discussed; the earlier classification is preferred.
Highlights
From southern South America, and the nitens groups, which included several species from the Australian region. Huber (1992) redescribed and keyed the North American species of the fuscipennis species group and all the described species of A. (Yungaburra), provided an alphabetical checklist of all nominal species of Anaphes, and listed species described originally in Anaphes but transferred to other genera. Huber (2006) reviewed and keyed the North American species of the crassicornis group. Huber (2009) described a species of Anaphes from Fiji. Huber & Triapitsyn (2017) described a remarkable Anaphes species from Republic of the Congo
Because of Soyka’s numerous new species descriptions, the list of nominal species of Mymaridae for Europe greatly exceeds the lists for any other biogeographical region, all of which have a larger and more diverse mymarid fauna, though not necessarily for Anaphes except perhaps in Australia and New Zealand
We provide a key to the European species we recognize as valid
Summary
From southern South America, and the nitens groups (female clava 2-segmented), which included several species from the Australian region. Huber (1992) redescribed and keyed the North American species of the fuscipennis species group and all the described species of A. (Yungaburra), provided an alphabetical checklist of all nominal species of Anaphes, and listed species described originally in Anaphes but transferred to other genera. Huber (2006) reviewed and keyed the North American species of the crassicornis group. Huber (2009) described a species of Anaphes from Fiji. Huber & Triapitsyn (2017) described a remarkable Anaphes species from Republic of the Congo. Schmiedeknecht (1909) catalogued 16 nominal species and placed them all in Anaphes, three of them, including the single non-European species mentioned, belong correctly in other genera. Kryger (1950), in contrast, treated the species as belonging to two genera, Anaphes and Patasson; he did not catalogue the species Both these papers are of historical interest only. A comprehensive revision that provides a more complete understanding of Anaphes species is well beyond the scope of this paper In preparation for such a revision it would be wise to describe/redescribe the European species, especially any considered to be new, based on a series of specimens, e.g., at least 10 females and, if possible, 10 males, reared from identified hosts and suitably preserved for both morphological and molecular study. Ribosomal RNA (28S D2 region), for example, is suitable for matching the sexes correctly
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