Abstract
In this review paper, we talk about Dyes are used to give colors to substances, especially fabrics. Chromophores, functionalgroups that absorb light, give color to these dyes. The most common chromophores areazo, nitro, and carbonyl groups. Auxochromes, functional groups that increase theintensity of the color, are also important parts of dyes. The most common chromophoresare hydroxyl, amino, sulfonate, and carboxylate groups.Azo dyes have a nitrogen to nitrogen double bond as their chromophore. These dyes arecreated by taking a diazonium salt and adding it to a strongly activated aromatic system.
Highlights
In this review paper, we talk about Dyes are used to give colors to substances, especially fabrics
Aromatic azo compounds are formed by a coupling reaction between a diazonium salt and a coupling agent
In aqueous solution, Benzenediazonium chloride decomposes above temperatures of 5°C and the solid compound is explosive; for this reason, diazonium salts are prepared in ice-cold solutions and are used immediately
Summary
The history of dyeing can be divided into two great periods, the "preaniline," extending to 1856and the "post-aniline" period. The former was characterized by a rather limited range of colors that were based on dye-producing animals and plants. The main vegetable dyes available were extracted from madder root (Asia and Europe), producing a brilliant red and leaves of the indigo plant (India), yielding the blue dye still used today in jeans. In aromatic azo compounds, the R groups are arene rings; the structures of these are more stable than if the R groups are alkyl groups. Aromatic azo compounds are formed by a coupling reaction between a diazonium salt and a coupling agent
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