Review and Recommendations for Integrating Mediation and Moderation

Abstract

Usage of models integrating mediation and moderation is on the rise in the organizational sciences. While moderation and mediation are fairly well understood by themselves, additional complexities emerge when combining them. Some guidance exists regarding the empirical testing of such models, but this guidance is widely misunderstood. Furthermore, very little guidance exists regarding the theoretical justification of such models. This article offers a checklist of recommendations for the presentation, justification, and testing of models integrating mediation and moderation and compares these to what is actually being done via a review of empirical papers in top-tier journals.