Abstract
A turbulent jet in counterflow is a lesser-studied jet configuration which exhibits great potential for mixing applications in sustainable energy production. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review of the research in counter-flowing jets is performed. Experimental and numerical results for mean and turbulent quantities are reviewed, and similarities and differences between datasets are discussed. Additionally, large eddy simulations (LESs) are carried out in order to study a turbulent jet in counterflow at several jet-to-counterflow velocity ratios (α = 2.2, 3.4, 5.1). The effect of two different jet inflow conditions is investigated. The LES results are directly compared to the available literature, and the subsequent analysis sheds light on the differences seen in the review. Finally, a set of recommendations and best practices are provided in order to aid future studies of jets in counterflow.
Highlights
While free turbulent round jets are among the most studied flow phenomena, the round jet in counterflow has received considerably less attention
Owing to the open questions in the literature and leveraging the importance of high-fidelity three-dimensional numerical results, this work aims at applying large eddy simulations (LESs) to the study of a turbulent jet in counterflow
At the jet nozzle exit, the results reported by Li et al.32 and the present results with the laminar inlet condition are close to zero and the downstream-shifted locations of the peaks seem to agree, for the radial rms velocity fluctuation component
Summary
While free turbulent round jets are among the most studied flow phenomena, the round jet in counterflow has received considerably less attention. The momentum of the jet dominates over the counterflow and the behavior resembles that of a jet issuing into a quiescent stream Past this initial region, the undisturbed core ends and the jet loses axial momentum as it is progressively slowed down by the counter-flowing stream. The undisturbed core ends and the jet loses axial momentum as it is progressively slowed down by the counter-flowing stream Owing to the open questions in the literature and leveraging the importance of high-fidelity three-dimensional numerical results, this work aims at applying large eddy simulations (LESs) to the study of a turbulent jet in counterflow
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