Abstract
Los materiales termocrómicos, con propiedades ópticas variables con la temperatura, optimizan el aprovechamiento de la energía solar por la envolvente del edificio para mejorar su eficiencia energética. El objeto de este estudio es determinar el impacto de un revestimiento de mortero termocrómico (MT) en fachada sobre la eficiencia energética del edificio en un clima mediterráneo. Se propone una metodología de cálculo para implementar las propiedades ópticas variables del mortero en la simulación energética. Se estudia un revestimiento de MT con absortancia solar entre 0,65 y 0,60, y una temperatura de transición entre 20ºC y 35ºC. El mortero muestra color gris oscuro para temperaturas bajas y color claro para temperaturas altas. El edificio presenta una demanda energética anual un 3 % inferior que con revestimiento de propiedades ópticas no variables. La reducción de demanda de calefacción puede llegar a un 8%.
Highlights
Around 40 % of the total energy consumption in the European Union corresponds to buildings
This paper studies the impact of a thermochromic façade coating on the energy efficiency of buildings within a climate with extreme conditions both in summer and in winter
The thermochromic mortar will keep stable colour beyond this range, with the light colour observed at 35 oC for higher temperatures and the dark colour observed at 20oC for lower temperatures
Summary
Around 40 % of the total energy consumption in the European Union corresponds to buildings. The demand for heating and cooling in the residential sector represented the 85 % of the total final energy consumption in this sector in 2012. In this respect, space heating provides for the biggest share as it is generally considered as a necessity. On the contrary, cooling supplies are usually lower since all cooling demands are not met and, in some Member States, most consumers accept higher indoor temperatures during warm summers (2). Several studies indicate that this cooling demand is likely to increase significantly in the future, mainly to satisfy unmet demand for thermal comfort and partly because of more extreme weather types with warmer summers, driven by climate change
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