Abstract
To improve the visual quality and embedding rate of existing reversible image watermarking algorithms, a reversible image watermarking algorithm based on quadratic difference expansion is proposed. First, the pixel points with grayscale values 0 and 255 in the original image are removed, and then, the half-scrambled watermark information is embedded into the original image using linear difference expansion. Finally, the remaining half of the watermark information is embedded into the previously generated watermarked image by the quadratic difference expansion, meanwhile the removed pixel points with grayscale values 0 and 255 in the image are merged, and the final watermarked image is generated accordingly. The experimental results show that the algorithm has both a high embedding rate and a high visual quality, which can completely recover the original image. Compared with other difference expansion watermarking algorithms, it has certain advantages without having to consider the smoothness of the embedded image region.
Highlights
Digital watermarking is an important branch of information hiding technology
A reversible image watermarking algorithm based on quadratic difference expansion is proposed, which uses the difference expansion algorithm to embed the watermark twice, without considering the overflow location map that may occupy effective space and the smoothness of the embedded image region; the embedding capacity is increased and the visual quality is improved
E reversible image watermarking algorithm generally requires that the carrier image can be completely recovered after the watermark is extracted. erefore, the NC of the original carrier image and the carrier image recovered after the watermark is extracted can be used
Summary
Digital watermarking is an important branch of information hiding technology. Information hiding technology studies how to hide secret information in public information It can be divided into steganography and digital watermarking technology. Erefore, compared with the traditional watermarking methods, the amount of embedding information is more demanding; it has more extensive research and application value in the fields of judicial, military, medical, and other fields which ask for high-image authenticity and integrity. E basic goal of the reversible image watermarking algorithms study is to achieve the maximum embedding capacity of effective information with less distortion [2]. E large-capacity reversible watermarking algorithm based on the difference expansion of adjacent pixels proposed by Tian [3] has caught increasing attention. E method is to calculate the mean and difference of the selected pairs of adjacent pixels. E adjacent pixels are selected as a transform unit for watermark embedding. On the basis of Tian’s algorithm, Alattar [4] proposed a generalized integer wavelet transform reversible watermarking algorithm. e adjacent pixels are selected as a transform unit for watermark embedding. e capacity of embedding watermark information via Alattar’s method can be up to 1.5 times that of the Tian’s, and the embedding capacity is larger
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