Abstract
In the field of energy storage, recently investigated nanocomposites show promise in terms of high hydrogen uptake and release with enhancement in the reaction kinetics. Among several, carbonaceous nanovariants like carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, and graphitic nanofibers reveal reversible hydrogen sorption characteristics at 77 K, due to their van der Waals interaction. The spillover mechanism combining Pd nanoparticles on the host metal-organic framework (MOF) show room temperature uptake of hydrogen. Metal or complex hydrides either in the nanocomposite form and its subset, nanocatalyst dispersed alloy phases illustrate the concept of nanoengineering and nanoconfinement of particles with tailor-made properties for reversible hydrogen storage. Another class of materials comprising polymeric nanostructures such as conducting polyaniline and their functionalized nanocomposites are versatile hydrogen storage materials because of their unique size, high specific surface-area, pore-volume, and bulk properties. The salient features of nanocomposite materials for reversible hydrogen storage are reviewed and discussed.
Highlights
The increased deployment of fossil fuels produces an exorbitant amount of greenhouse gases such as CO2 [1,2,3], which has already caused an increase in the Earth’s temperature and will continue to do so unless CO2 emissions are significantly curtailed
For an on-board hydrogen vehicular application, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) based fuel cell that can operates with available hydrogen that is obtained from the reversible hydrogen storage materials needs to be explored
Preliminary experiments were conducted by adding different nanocatalyst to the complex hydride in systematic mole fractions from 1 to 4 mol%
Summary
The increased deployment of fossil fuels produces an exorbitant amount of greenhouse gases such as CO2 [1,2,3], which has already caused an increase in the Earth’s temperature and will continue to do so unless CO2 emissions are significantly curtailed. In addition to the occurrence of global warming due to combustion of fossil-based fuels, there is wide agreement that these fossil fuels are running out [4], increasing the urgency of finding new energy alternatives. One such alternative, especially for use in mobile applications, is hydrogen [5,6]. Catalytic conversion of hydrogen and oxygen work produces produces primarily heat and water vapor as byproducts [10].
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