Abstract
Reversible data hiding in JPEG images has become an important topic due to the prevalence and overwhelming support of the JPEG image format these days. Much of the existing work focuses on embedding using AC (quantized alternating current coefficients) to maximize the embedding capacity while minimizing the distortion and the file size increase. Traditionally, DC (quantized direct current coefficients) are not used for embedding, due to the assumption that the embedding in DCs cause more distortion than embedding in ACs. However, for data analytic which extracts fine details as a feature, distortion in ACs is not acceptable, because they represent the fine details of the image. In this paper, we propose a novel reversible data hiding method which efficiently embeds in the DC. The propose method uses a novel DC prediction method to decrease the entropy of the prediction error histogram. The embedded image has higher PSNR, embedding capacity, and smaller file size increase. Furthermore, proposed method preserves all the fine details of the image.
Highlights
JPEG image file format has proved its dominance year after year
We propose a novel reversible data hiding method which efficiently embeds in the DC
Instead of measuring the performance for all possible modification, we proposed analyzing the prediction error histogram using the entropy to measure the general effectiveness of the block sorting algorithm
Summary
JPEG image file format has proved its dominance year after year. Even with the new image standard that supports higher efficiency and compression, it still comes as a default image standard for storing images in smartphones and computers. With unparalleled support for it in variety of devices and software, reversible data hiding JPEG image has become an important topic. Reversible data hiding is an interoperable data hiding method, which preserves the original file format and has ability to recover the original image from the embedded or watermarked image. It is different than robust watermarking scheme such as one proposed by Liu et al [1], which focus on recovery of the embedded message under image processing attacks. The embedded image should be as close as possible to the original image and the PSNR value is measured against different payload size to compare the performance of the data hiding capability
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