Reverse phase, ion exchange, HILIC and mix-mode chromatography for the determination of metformin and evogliptin in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations

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Separation and quantification of highly polar metformin (MTF) alone or in combination with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, such as evogliptin (EVG), sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin and teneligliptin, specifically from human plasma and pharmaceutical products is still difficult in mostly preferred ODS based RP-HPLC techniques. Since, owing to weak retention of MTF in ODS, it elutes together with the biological fluid components and drug excipients. Therefore, in this study, alternative to ODS based RP-HPLC, comparatively less known analytical techniques like strong cation exchange chromatography (SCX-3), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and mix-mode chromatography (MMC) were comprehensively evaluated for their potentials and limitations in simultaneous quantification of newly approved EVG and MTF combination (Valera-M). In results, prolonged application of SCX-3, exhibits irreproducible and irreversible retention of MTF and EVG. While in HILIC with Cyano column, excessive acetonitrile as eluent developed the precipitation of MTF and column back pressure. Comparatively, the Acclaimed® mix-mode HILIC-1, demonstrated much promising and reproducible results for MTF and EVG separation and importantly, it can be used either reverse phase or HILIC mode. Considering the overall benefits of Acclaimed® mix-mode HILIC-1, it was used in estimation of MTF and EVG from human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations.