Abstract
The rising of the world’s population leads automatically to the rising of water demand. As a consequence the lack of drinking water increases. Currently, approximately 1.2 billion people globally (one-sixth of the world’s population) do not have access to adequate clean water. Since a large part of the world’s population is concentrated in coastal areas, the desalination of seawater seems to be a promising solution, especially in our Arab world. An innovative stand-alone solar desalination system could be used to produce drinking water from seawater or any brackish water sources. The great advantage of such a system is that it combines efficient desalination technology, reverse osmosis, with a renewable energy source; the main goal is improving the technical feasibility of such systems. There are many advantages of this coupling with RE resources; first of all we separate the drinking water from the electricity grid and its faults, save the burning fossil fuel and its emissions and can provide fresh water to remote communities that do not have sufficient traditional energy sources; but as we see in the thesis we don’t have economic benefit; because these projects depend on the electricity cost in each country and its location and its solar specifications. We design and implement a small laboratorial model for PV-RO (Photo-Voltaic Powered Reverse Osmosis) to recognize the its performance for seawater and brackish water; many of the problems are interrupted such as embargo on Syria; so we see this project has to be done according to affordable local potentialities, but we crave to keep the principle of operation, so we make it for the tap water which close to brackish.
Highlights
Access to clean water is quickly becoming a significant worldwide problem
The problem is exacerbated by the growing need for cleaning alternative energy
Economic feasibility for the photovoltaic reverse osmosis (PVRO) system is established based on a cost comparison with equivalent water supply methods for remote locations
Summary
Approximately 1.2 billion people globally (one-sixth of the world’s population) do not have access to adequate clean water. With current rates of population growth and the effects of global warming, the problem of access to clean water is expected to grow. Many of the populated regions with limited clean water supplies are located in coastal regions with ability to access to an abundance of seawater. Large-scale desalination plants can be built to provide an adequate water supply. For small communities in remote areas with limited natural water supplies, very large desalination plants are not a viable solution. These areas that are outside the major electrical grids rely on transported water or smallscale desalination plants. Diesel generators pollute the environment and can be expensive
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