Revealing Urban Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission Characteristics and Influencing Mechanisms from the Perspective of Commuting

Huihui Wang,Weihua Zeng

doi:10.3390/su11020385

Abstract

Commuting to and from work is one of the most important and regular routines using urban transport, being a major source for an increase in transport-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this study, we explore the characteristics of CO2 emissions from commuter travel in Beijing from different perspectives. A bottom-up approach from a macro perspective is used to analyze recent changing trends of carbon emissions due to commuter travel modes in Beijing, and to identify the main sources of carbon emission increases that affect transportation. To identify CO2 emission characteristics and influencing mechanisms in Beijing, the proportion of commuting modes, commuting distance, and commuting-related CO2 emissions by Ring Roads was analyzed. The commuting-related CO2 emission model, based on Tobit models from the microscopic perspective, was constructed to explore the main factors affecting CO2 emissions of individuals/households. Results show that CO2 emissions due to commuting in Beijing in recent years has presented an increasing trend. In 2014, the amount of CO2 emissions from commuters had already reached the level of 553.68 × 104 t, with CO2 emissions generated by car trips accounting for 75–80% of emissions. Average individual/household commuting-related CO2 emissions on the Ring Road inside the main urban areas of Beijing shows a gradual increasing trend, with the growth trends between the 3rd–5th Ring Road being the largest. Household locations separated by Ring Roads and the occupation type of residents are important factors affecting CO2 emissions. Commuters with access to a car, those having a higher income, and those located in the outer regions of the main urban areas produce more CO2 emissions. To reduce the increasing trend of CO2 emissions in Beijing, it is important that the government accelerates the development of public transport, industry, and residential facilities along the outskirts of the city, along the Ring Road, and along the radix road.

Highlights

Since the start of the 21st century, investigations on climate change due to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased
By using traffic data (2005–2014) from Beijing, carbon emissions related to transport journeys were calculated based on the CO2 calculation method (Figure 2)
From the perspective of the proportion of carbon emissions for various transportation modes (Figure 3), carbon emissions generated by car trips was about 75–80%, this being the main source of transport-related CO2 emissions in Beijing

Summary

Introduction

Since the start of the 21st century, investigations on climate change due to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is of the most significant greenhouse gas, accounting for about 65% of the total GHG emissions [1]. In 2016, China promised to curb carbon emissions, with peak emissions being reached around 2030, after which emissions per unit of GDP levels will decline by 60–65% compared to 2005 levels. To achieve these goals, significant changes are needed in the transport industry; the implementation of a sustainable transport model can increase carbon emission reduction efficiency on a city level.

Methods

Results

Conclusion