Abstract
Abstract Relying on the local orientation of nanostructures, Pancharatnam–Berry metasurfaces are currently enabling a new generation of polarization-sensitive optical devices. A systematical mesoscopic description of topological metasurfaces is developed, providing a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms leading to the polarization-dependent breaking of translational symmetry in contrast with propagation phase effects. These theoretical results, along with interferometric experiments contribute to the development of a solid analytical framework for arbitrary polarization-dependent metasurfaces.
Highlights
Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) metasurfaces, made of periodic arrangements of subwavelength scatterers or antennas, have been extensively studied over the last few years and are currently considered as a forthcoming substitute of bulky refractive optical components [1, 2]
Relying on the local orientation of nanostructures, Pancharatnam–Berry metasurfaces are currently enabling a new generation of polarizationsensitive optical devices
A systematical mesoscopic description of topological metasurfaces is developed, providing a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms leading to the polarization-dependent breaking of translational symmetry in contrast with propagation phase effects
Summary
Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) metasurfaces, made of periodic arrangements of subwavelength scatterers or antennas, have been extensively studied over the last few years and are currently considered as a forthcoming substitute of bulky refractive optical components [1, 2]. Most of the disruptive attempts in controlling light–matter interactions rely on a fully vectorial Maxwell’s equations, such as effective medium theories [20–22], and the comprehensive understanding of their polarization responses are generally obtained using extensive numerical simulations, such as finite element method [23] or finite-difference time domain techniques [3, 24, 25], which often provides the quantitative simulation results but lacking of qualitative physical interpretations [26–28] Another approach, Green’s function method and diffraction theory for gratings, provides partial interpretation of a few diffractive properties of metasurfaces. Several works have shown that the transmission matrix which describes the birefringent response can be separated into co-polarized and cross-polarized beams in the circular basis by applying the PB phase induced by the orientation of nano-antennas [31, 37, 38] This approach does not originate from first-principle derivation and is not capable of explaining other diffractive properties of PB metasurfaces, such as the connection between generalized Snell’s law and polarization conversion. J Gmn ⋅ (ρ − ja1) + κ ⋅ ρ describes only the propagation phase, and the form-factor of the jth element in the mn-th lattice unite cell is fmn, j(φj) Ω (Gmn)/[π(2N + 1)a1a2] where Ω (Gmn) is the Fourier transform of geometric shape factor Ω(ρ) H(|x| ≤
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