Abstract
Based on the expanding cavity model, a new expression of hardness has been proposed, which suggests that hardness is determined by the ratio of the iso-stress surface size r to the indentation depth h. In combination with the experiment results and the finite element modeling analysis, we proved that the size-independent hardness for geometrical similar indenter is fundamentally due to the similarity of the stress distribution during the indentation process. This study first reveals the cause of size-independent hardness for geometrical similar indentation through experiments and theoretical analysis without considering the complex constitutive models.
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