Revealing the Main Mechanism of Reversible Synthetic Blood Coagulation by Atmospheric Cold Plasma

Abstract

Background, cold plasma has some unique properties that enabled it to achieve its desired goals in blood coagulations. However, the coagulation mechanism activated by cold plasma remains elucidated. Aims, this study aims at revealing the mechanism of blood coagulations stimulated by cold plasma. Methods, different blood samples with different anticoagulant as well as without anticoagulant were collected from healthy volunteers. Whole blood samples were divided into two groups: 1) control group and 2) group was exposed to cold plasma until clotting. Clotting factors including fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) as well as full blood count were analyzed for each sample. Scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic analyses were performed for platelets and red blood cells (RBCs), respectively. Also, zeta potential was measured for all blood as well as plasma-activated water (PAW) samples. Additionally, particles size was measured for PAW samples. Results, all blood samples with different anti-coagulant, as well as serum were coagulated after exposure to cold plasma. Moreover, the levels of clotting factors and blood cells’ count show no significant differences before and after plasma exposure. Interestingly, the morphology of both RBCs and platelets were not affected by cold plasma exposure. Meanwhile, there were a highly-significant reduction in zeta potential of blood samples; 96.4% (from −2.91 to −0.105 mV) after plasma exposure. In addition, there were highly significant increases in particles size of PAW as compared with the control sample. In conclusion, for the first time the current study revealing that, blood coagulation by cold plasma is reversible synthetic blood coagulation and neither the clotting factors nor the platelets are the main players during blood coagulation by cold plasma.