Revealing the Dynamics of Helium Bubbles Using In Situ Techniques

Abstract

As one of the major irradiation defects, helium bubbles have a marked influence on the microstructures and mechanical properties of metals. In recent decades, many experiments and simulations have focused on helium bubbles to reveal their nucleation and growth mechanisms, dynamic evolution under stimulations, and their effects on mechanical properties. With the quick development of various in situ techniques, the abundant dynamic features of helium bubbles have been revealed. In this review, we briefly explore the related researches on the dynamic evolution of helium bubbles under simulated service conditions, such as at high temperatures, under irradiation, and upon mechanical loading. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in revealing the dynamics of helium bubbles using in situ technologies. This short review intends to advance our understanding of the failure mechanisms of helium-irradiated metals and the basic properties of irradiation-induced helium bubbles.