Abstract
Understanding carrier transport and recombination is the key to improving the efficiency of photovoltaic energy conversion, but it is difficult to directly monitor these processes on their nano- to picosecond time scales in complete devices. This study applies time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to measure transient photovoltage in an actual solar cell. With temporal resolution as fine as tens of picoseconds, charge separation and recombination are observed respectively as the rise and decay of photovoltage. This approach affords a unique opportunity to characterize the microscopic properties of complete photovoltaic devices.
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