Abstract
The potential source of bioactive protein from pigmented rice seed was investigated by buffered extracting from nine varieties (Merah-SP, Gogo Niti-2, Merah Wangi, Super Manggis, Lamongan-1, Mota, Ketan Hitam-2, Beureum Taleus, and Aek Sibundong) and non-pigmented rice (IR-64) as a control. The potent contributor to free radical scavenging of extracted proteins was evaluated by analyzing their free amino acid composition. The free radical scavenging and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory activity of these proteins were analyzed in-vitro. The free radical scavenging activity was analyzed using various standard methods, including radical cation 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate acid (ABTS•+), hydroxyl radical (OH•) and defense against radical-mediated DNA damages by hydroxyl. Total free amino acid content ranged between 77.7-181.2 g/100 g protein, and among them, Ketan Hitam-2 displayed the highest abundant antioxidant amino acid grouping (23.23%) and shown significantly higher ABTS•+ activity (IC50=8.64 µg/mL) and OH• activity (IC50=20.33 µg/mL). Moreover, Ketam Hitam-2 also exhibited notable ACE-I inhibitory activity (IC50=6.20 µg/mL) and protected hydroxyl-induced oxidative damage to DNA. The in-vitro systems for free radical scavenging and ACE-I inhibitory were used to acquire the data. The potency of Ketan Hitam-2 seed protein could be utilized as a natural nutraceuticals compound.
Highlights
Rice (Oryza sativa L., family: Poaceae) is an important cereal crop in the global area
The coefficient variance (CV) value is used to determine the percentage of data variability, and the high CV values indicate a wide variety of data
The results showed that the CV value of each amino acid compositions of nine rice is between 19.91-59.52% (Table 1)
Summary
Rice (Oryza sativa L., family: Poaceae) is an important cereal crop in the global area. Rice is mainly used as a major staple globally, including in China (143.790 metric tons), India (100.000 metric tons), and Indonesia (38.100 metric tons), according to Global Rice Consumption 2018/2019 (Shahbandeh, 2019). Information regarding pigmented rice varieties are inadequate. Previous studies have evaluated physicochemical properties (Murdifin et al, 2015), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) based on metabolomes information (Wijaya et al, 2018), and morphological variation (Shinta et al, 2014) of pigmented rice in Indonesia. Further explorations of pigmented rice in Indonesia are necessary to reveal its health benefits for reducing the risk of human disease. The presence of bioactive compounds in pigmented rice can act be as a scavenger to free radicals caused by oxidative stress leading to cell damage
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