Abstract
In this study, electromechanical characteristics of (1-x) Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–xSrTiO3 (ST26, x = 0.26)/(1-y) Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–ySrTiO3 (ST10, y = 0.1) (matrix/seed) composites were studied. The ST26 (high relaxor phase) and ST10 (a relaxor ferroelectric (RF), high ferroelectric phase) composite with large (r-ST26-ST10) and small (t-ST26-ST10) grains exhibited frequency-related dielectric properties and large strain response at a low triggering electric field (an incipient piezoelectricity). It is ascribed to a matrix-seed effect originating from the inhomogeneous composition due to the presence of two phases. The r-ST26-ST10 composite sintered at 4 h, prominent material, showed a high normalized dynamic strain (d33*) of ~700 pm/V (large grains) with stable frequency dependence properties at a low field of 40 kV/cm. The properties of the r-ST26-ST10 composite exhibit less decay with frequency-related polarization and strain compared to those of t-ST26-ST10 composite. The increase in soaking time promotes the diffusion and homogenization of the microstructure in composites, leading to changes in the core-shell structure in the solid solution. The polarization and strain of the ST26-ST10 composites with the frequency are linked to the stability of the internal random fields created by non-ergodic relaxor phase of seed and the amount of phase change in the ergodic relaxor matrix.
Highlights
The most effective alternative candidates to PZT are lead-free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) piezoelectrics, due to their excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric characteristics and environmental compatibility[4,5,6]
Owing to the thermal stability of the ferroelectric BNT-ST based ceramics, few promising systems exhibited properties that are less sensitive to temperature, a high induced strain at low voltage was observed in the entire measured range of temperatures rather than at specific temperatures, which may correspond to the existence of ergodic relaxor (ER) and non-ergodic relaxor (NR) phase regions[16,17]
The high relaxor phase ST26 matrix is combined with relaxor ferroelectric (RF) ST10 seed to fabricate composite ceramics, where large (r-ST26-ST10) and small (t-ST26-ST10) grain ceramics exhibited frequency-related dielectric properties and a large strain response at a low triggering electric field
Summary
Mohsin Saleem[1,2], Lim Dong Hwan[1], In-sung Kim[1], Min-Soo Kim[1], Adnan Maqbool 3, Umair Nisar 4, Syed Atif Pervez[5], Umer Farooq[5], Muhammad Umer Farooq[6], Hafiz Muhammad Waseem Khalil6,7 & Soon-Jong Jeong[1]. Owing to the thermal stability of the ferroelectric BNT-ST based ceramics, few promising systems exhibited properties that are less sensitive to temperature, a high induced strain at low voltage was observed in the entire measured range of temperatures rather than at specific temperatures, which may correspond to the existence of ergodic relaxor (ER) and non-ergodic relaxor (NR) phase regions[16,17] These phases are highly dependent on the frequency-related polarization and strain which limit their usage in real applications[17,18,19]. The high relaxor phase ST26 matrix is combined with relaxor ferroelectric (RF) ST10 seed to fabricate composite ceramics, where large (r-ST26-ST10) and small (t-ST26-ST10) grain ceramics exhibited frequency-related dielectric properties and a large strain response at a low triggering electric field. The effects of the seed contribution with different soaking times on the crystal structure, dielectric permittivity, polarization, and electric field-induced strain response of composites with the change in frequency were studied, and the dynamics of the polarization kinetics were analyzed
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