Reutilizar purines de tambo como oportunidad para reciclar nitrógeno y reducir su impacto ambiental

Abstract

Dairy cattle slurry (liquid mixture of manure and water from the milking operation) can be reused for agricultural production in replacement for synthetic fertilizers. However, its high nitrogen (N) concentration could stimulate the volatilization of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, with consequences for global warming. Our objectives were: to quantify NH3 and N2O loss in maize fertilized with surface-applied dairy cattle slurry or urea, and to relate N2O emission with soil ammonium, nitrate and water contents. We performed a manipulative field experiment where we measured both gaseous losses during an agricultural campaign. Slurry enhanced NH3 volatilization the day after the application (2.7±0.25 vs. 1.1±0.25 and 0.6±0.25 kg N-NH3.ha-1.day-1 for slurry, urea and the control, respectively) and direct N2O emission during three days after the application (75±13 vs. 28±5 y 26±6 µg N-N2O.m-2.h-1 for slurry, urea and the control, respectively). Four days after application, volatilization was higher with urea and N2O emissions were similar between treatments. The loss of NH3 accumulated throughout the maize growing season was higher for urea than for slurry, and the accumulated N2O emission was similar for both fertilizers. Nitrous oxide emissions were related to soil water content, initially introduced with slurry and then with rainfall. The loss of NH3 + N2O from the fertilizers after subtracting that of the control, was higher after the application of urea than slurry (10.8±1.2 and 3.1±0.7 kg N/ha or 0.53±0.06 and 0.18±0.04 kg N/t MS), and maize yield was similar for both fertilization treatments (19.0±0.7 t MS/ha). These results show that fertilization with dairy cattle slurry is a promising practice because it has a lower environmental footprint compared to synthetic fertilizers.