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Abstract
Reuterin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial system produced by specific strains of Lactobacillus reuteri during anaerobic metabolism of glycerol. Acrolein is the main component responsible for its antimicrobial activity. Here, the sensitivity of Campylobacter jejuni (n = 51) and Campylobacter coli (n = 20) isolates from chicken meat and human stool samples to reuterin was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. jejuni and C. coli strains was measured between 1.5 and 3.0 µM of acrolein, below the MIC of the sensitive indicator strain Escherichia coli K12 (16.5 µM acrolein). The interaction of C. jejuni N16-1419 and the reuterin-producing L. reuteri PTA5_F13 was studied during 24 h co-cultures with or without glycerol. A high C. jejuni growth was observed in cultures without glycerol. In contrast, C. jejuni growth decreased from 7.3 ± 0.1 log CFU/mL to below detection limit (1 log CFU/mL) during co-cultures added with 28 mM glycerol. This bactericidal effect could be attributed to in situ reuterin production. The low MIC observed and the high sensitivity towards in situ produced reuterin suggests L. reuteri combined with glycerol, as a possible intervention option to reduce Campylobacter in the food chain.
Highlights
Campylobacter spp., mainly C. jejuni and C. coli, are the most commonly reported foodborne pathogens in the European Union, with 246,307 confirmed cases of human campylobacteriosis in 2016 [1]
The antimicrobial activity of reuterin expressed in acrolein concentration was tested against a panel of 71 strains of C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from human stools (50) and chicken GIT (19) and meat (2)
All tested Campylobacter strains exhibited similar high sensitivity to reuterin with very low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) in the range of 1.5 to 5.8 μM, which were approximately ten folds lower than for E. coli K12 (Table 1)
Summary
Campylobacter spp., mainly C. jejuni and C. coli, are the most commonly reported foodborne pathogens in the European Union, with 246,307 confirmed cases of human campylobacteriosis in 2016 [1]. Most Campylobacter infections occur as sporadic cases rather than as outbreaks [3]. Campylobacter infections in humans are usually self-limiting and do not require antibiotic therapy [5]. The efficiency of antibiotics against Campylobacter infections is decreasing due to an increase in antibiotic resistance [7]. The use of antibiotics in poultry production may contribute to the emergence of resistant strains in human through the food chain [8]. There is an increasing interest in intervention strategies to reduce the presence of Campylobacter spp. in the poultry meat production chain to lower the risk of Campylobacter exposure
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