Reuse of laminated glass waste in the manufacture of ceramic frits and glazes

Abstract

Frits are special glasses used in glaze compositions to cover the surface of ceramic tiles, such as floors, walls, and porcelain tiles. Therefore, glass waste can be used as raw material in the preparation of the ceramic frits for glazes. In this work, frits were formulated by mixture design using 8–15 mass % of laminated glass waste. The waste was added in frit compositions and 40 frits were melted. Test glazes were prepared with the frit compositions and were used to cover ceramic tiles. Using the glass waste, the whiteness, brightness, and Mohs hardness of the test glazes were 93.0, 2.7–91.9 and 4–7, respectively, in comparison to 92.6, 70.1 and 5 for the standard glazes. The Knoop microhardness of the test glazes was 54.5–189.3 (0.53–1.85 GPa) in comparison to 119.8 (1.18 GPa) of the standard. In addition, 92.5% of the test samples were resistant to the chemical attack of NaClO. 84.2% were resistant to HCl, but with differences in appearance of the surface. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the test glazes was 55.6–82.7 ∙ 10−7 °C−1, in comparison to 59.6–75.3 ∙ 10−7 °C−1 the standards. Finally, the results pointed to the feasibility of using ~8 mass % of laminated glass waste in the manufacture of frits used to produce ceramic glazes.