Abstract
In this paper, we extend the literature on the rate of returns to Investment in Higher Education towards studies in distance learning Universities. In particular, we explore the difference in returns between, on one hand, graduates of a distance learning university (the Hellenic Open University, HOU) and on the other hand, graduates from two traditional universities, in Greece. The data used in the analysis is collected with field research from graduates of Physics, Mathematics, Social Studies, Computer Science and Economics. Our findings show that the rate of return to investment in education for HOU graduates is about four times higher than that of the graduates of the two traditional Universities, for the first degree graduates and about double the rate for the Master’s degree graduates. From policy perspective, our results suggest that a distance learning University may not only be considered as a second chance to education for mature students, often facing time and budget restrictions, but, it may also be seen as a worthwhile investment enabling much higher private returns compared to the alternative route, i.e. following studies in traditional universities. Therefore, distance learning universities may be used by policy authorities as a vehicle to reduce income inequalities and increase social mobility.
Highlights
The theory of human capital was introduced in the general economic theory by the work of three scholars: Mincer (1958), Schultz (1961) and Becker (1964)
We extend the literature on the rate of returns to Investment in Higher Education towards studies in distance learning Universities
We explore the difference in returns between, on one hand, graduates of a distance learning university and on the other hand, graduates from two traditional universities, in Greece
Summary
The theory of human capital was introduced in the general economic theory by the work of three scholars: Mincer (1958), Schultz (1961) and Becker (1964). Since the human capital theory and empirical studies have experienced a phenomenal growth. Human capital is a major element of analysis in studies relating to the remuneration of workers, distribution of income, the likelihood of unemployment for various groups of people, migration between regions and between countries, social mobility between generations, technology and economic development. In the literature section below, we present and discuss the results from several empirical studies examining the returns to investment in higher education worldwide and in Greece. The data used was extracted from 2112 questionnaires that were collected with field research in 20141 from graduates of Physics, Mathematics, Social Studies, Computer Science and Economics
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