Abstract
BackgroundThe fear of infertility or delayed return to fertility is a common barrier to contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among young or nulliparous women. Global evidence on return to pregnancy after method discontinuation suggests these fears may be misplaced; yet the topic has not been widely studied in sub-Saharan Africa nor by age and parity group.MethodsReproductive calendar data from recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 15 sub-Saharan African countries were used to analyze time-to-pregnancy following discontinuation of a contraceptive method with the reason to become pregnant. The probability of pregnancy at 12 months was estimated using single-decrement life tables run by type of method discontinued, age and parity. Results are presented by region: francophone West Africa, anglophone West Africa and East Africa.ResultsThe 12-month probability of pregnancy after discontinuation of contraception to become pregnant was 73.0% in francophone West Africa, 78.8% in anglophone West Africa, and 82.0% in East Africa. Our results showed significant regional differences in return to pregnancy by 12 months, with probabilities in francophone West Africa being significantly lower than in anglophone West Africa or East Africa. A lower return to pregnancy by 12 months was seen among women ages 35–49 years and was lowest after discontinuation of a hormonal method for all age groups. Differences by parity group were only evident after discontinuation of hormonal methods in francophone West Africa.ConclusionsSustainable gains in increasing contraceptive uptake, especially among youth, may be difficult to achieve without information and counseling that address concerns about infertility and potential delays in return to pregnancy following use of hormonal methods.
Highlights
The fear of infertility or delayed return to fertility is a common barrier to contraceptive use in sub-Saha‐ ran Africa, among young or nulliparous women
Global evidence on the time it takes to become pregnant after the discontinuation of a contraceptive method suggests these fears may be misplaced; yet the topic has not been widely studied in sub-Saharan Africa
Data from recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 15 sub-Saharan African countries were used to analyze the time it takes to become pregnant after discontinuation of a contraceptive method with the reason to become pregnant
Summary
The fear of infertility or delayed return to fertility is a common barrier to contraceptive use in sub-Saha‐ ran Africa, among young or nulliparous women. The expression of fertility concerns as a barrier to method uptake can be linked to widespread stigma associated with infertility and the consequential high individual, family and social costs of infertility [19] This stigma can greatly influence reproductive decisionmaking, as evidenced by a study among youth in Benin City, Nigeria, which found that youth expressed a preference for induced abortion over the potential for future infertility caused by contraceptive use [16]. The fear of infertility may lead to low method satisfaction and early discontinuation [20] This fear can lead healthcare providers, parents, and family members to guide young people (and/or nulliparous women) away from the use of modern contraception [21]
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