Abstract

We study the expensiveness of pension schemes across a set of developed and developing countries. To calculate the difference between accumulated savings with and without fees and costs, we construct return optimized charge ratio. We estimate charge ratios for 51 pension schemes and study which of the 40 potential factors can explain heterogeneity by the Bayesian model averaging framework. The most favorable fee structure can be characterized by the use of performance fees at the expense of more costly asset under management fees. The inflation rate, size and development of the economy tend to be priced into charge ratios.

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