Abstract
The present study demonstrated the simultaneous production and optimization of pectinolytic enzymes (pectate lyase and polygalacturonase) under SSF from Bacillus tequilensis SV11-UV37 using wheat bran as a substrate, which is commercially viable and cost-effective. Optimization by one variable-at-a-time-approach showed a maximum yield of pectate lyase (1371.25 U/gds) and polygalacturonase (85.45 U/gds) with wheat bran using 80 % (v/w) moisture, 0.7 mm particle size, 20 % (v/w) inoculum, 1 % (w/w) pectin at 37 °C, pH 6 and 72 h of incubation. In addition, optimization using central composite design achieved 1.6-fold improvement in both pectate lyase (1828.13 U/gds) and polygalacturonase (105.55 U/gds) yield at optimum levels of pectin (3 %, w/w), inoculum size (20 %, v/w) and moisture level (80 %, v/w). Further, Retting studies concluded that the enzyme mixture was efficient in separating the whole fiber from kenaf and part (>75 %) from sunn hemp. In degumming of sunn hemp fibers, amount of galacturonic acid released and percentage weight loss was higher in successive alkali and enzymatic treatment than their independent treatments. The scanning electron microscopic analysis also confirmed that alkali followed by enzymatic treatment effectively removed non-cellulosic gummy material from the fiber; hence, this enzyme mixture may find feasible applications in the fiber and textile industry.
Highlights
Pectic substances are major constituents of the middle lamellae of plant cells that are present in the form of calcium and magnesium pectate, and they are high molecular weight, negatively charged and acidic polysaccharides (Jayani et al 2005; Murad and Azzaz 2011)
Solid state fermentation for PGL and PG production by Bacillus tequilensis SV11‐UV37 solid state fermentation (SSF) was performed in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 10 g of each substrate moistened with distilled water, autoclaved at 15 lbs pressure and inoculated with 2 mL of 18 h nutrient broth culture
Solid state fermentation and optimization of process parameters for the production of PGL and PG by Bacillus tequilensis SV11‐UV37 One‐variable‐at‐a‐time approach The yield of the desired product under SSF depends on several factors like nature of the substrate, initial moisture content of the medium, the particle size of the substrate, incubation temperature, inoculum size and availability of nutrients etc.; it is crucial to optimize the levels of these factors
Summary
Pectic substances are major constituents of the middle lamellae of plant cells that are present in the form of calcium and magnesium pectate, and they are high molecular weight, negatively charged and acidic polysaccharides (Jayani et al 2005; Murad and Azzaz 2011). The enzymes that hydrolyze pectic substances are broadly classified as pectinases or pectinolytic enzymes. These include two main groups: methyl esterases, which catalyze the removal of the methoxyl group from pectin to form pectate, and depolymerases (hydrolases and lyases), which. Solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF), have been used to produce pectinases. Many studies have employed agricultural residues as substrates (Tivkaa et al 2013; Meenakshisundaram 2012) Among such agricultural residues, wheat bran is the most prominent since it is produced worldwide in huge quantities as an important by-product of the cereal industry and has been one of the most common substrates employed in biotechnological processes (Kashyap et al 2003; Martins et al 2002)
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