Retroviral expressed hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein protects chickens from Newcastle disease virus induced disease

Abstract

The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene and the phosphoprotein (P) gene of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were inserted into a replication competent avian leukosis virus vector. The expression of the HN gene from this vector in chick embryo cells has been previously reported. The P gene is also expressed from this vector in chick embryo cells. The retroviruses were used to immunize 4-week-old chickens. Birds receiving the virus containing the HN gene developed low levels of serum HI titers and NDV neutralization titers. Upon challenge, all birds vaccinated with the HN gene containing virus were protected from disease but not viral infection and replication. In contrast, birds immunized with the P gene containing retrovirus developed more severe clinical signs of disease earlier than birds receiving no immunization or retrovirus alone. The results obtained with the HN gene may have potential application to reducing disease due to NDV genetically engineered vaccines.