Abstract
Efficacy-studies have poor external validity for psychotherapy under practice conditions. One alternative is a retrospective follow-up design. Methodological criteria are defined and a study is presented. 35 and 33 patients including their therapists were studied in a cross-validation design using retrospective assessments. Changes from beginning to end of therapy were reliable and reached medium to high effect sizes. During follow-up they remained stable. Participants did not differ in outcome, social and clinical characteristics from non-participants. The retrospective approach is a valid and viable tool to examine the effectiveness of psychotherapy under practice-conditions. It should be advanced in future by methodological improvements, e. g., by using standardized instruments, testing bigger samples, integrating more differentiated therapist ratings, and including more objective criteria.
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