Abstract
PurposeTo develop and evaluate retrospectively gated spiral readout four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI for intracardiac flow analysis.MethodsRetrospectively gated spiral 4D flow MRI was implemented on a 1.5‐tesla scanner. The spiral sequence was compared against conventional Cartesian 4D flow (SENSE [sensitivity encoding] 2) in seven healthy volunteers and three patients (only spiral). In addition to comparing flow values, linear regression was used to assess internal consistency of aortic versus pulmonary net volume flows and left ventricular inflow versus outflow using quantitative pathlines analysis.ResultsTotal scan time with spiral 4D flow was 44% ± 6% of the Cartesian counterpart (13 ± 3 vs. 31 ± 7 min). Aortic versus pulmonary flow correlated strongly for the spiral sequence (P < 0.05, slope = 1.03, R2 = 0.88, N = 10), whereas the linear relationship for the Cartesian sequence was not significant (P = 0.06, N = 7). Pathlines analysis indicated good data quality for the spiral (P < 0.05, slope = 1.02, R2 = 0.90, N = 10) and Cartesian sequence (P < 0.05, slope = 1.10, R2 = 0.93, N = 7). Spiral and Cartesian peak flow rate (P < 0.05, slope = 0.96, R2 = 0.72, N = 14), peak velocity (P < 0.05, slope = 1.00, R2 = 0.81, N = 14), and pathlines flow components (P < 0.05, slope = 1.04, R2 = 0.87, N = 28) correlated well.ConclusionRetrospectively gated spiral 4D flow MRI permits more than two‐fold reduction in scan time compared to conventional Cartesian 4D flow MRI, while maintaining similar data quality. Magn Reson Med 75:196–206, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highlights
Out four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI for intracardiac flow analysis
Cardiac applications of 4D flow MRI require large volumetric coverage, resulting in scan times of about 15 to 40 minutes, which may be prohibitive for some patients
The scan time of the spiral 4D flow MRI of the healthy volunteers was 13 6 3 min compared to 31 6 7 min for the Cartesian 4D flow MRI (7 healthy volunteers), corresponding to more than a two-fold decrease in scan time
Summary
Out four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI for intracardiac flow analysis. Methods: Retrospectively gated spiral 4D flow MRI was implemented on a 1.5-tesla scanner. The spiral sequence was compared against conventional Cartesian 4D flow (SENSE [sensitivity encoding] 2) in seven healthy volunteers and three patients (only spiral). In addition to comparing flow values, linear regression was used to assess internal consistency of aortic versus pulmonary net volume flows and left ventricular. Altered intracardiac blood flow has been recognized in the settings of various cardiac abnormalities, including distorted wall motion [1], valvular dysfunction [2], and arrhythmia [3], and is increasingly studied while methods for visualization and quantification have been developed and validated. Time-resolved three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast MRI, referred to as 4D flow MRI inflow versus outflow using quantitative pathlines analysis
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