Abstract
At the end of any orthodontic treatment, retention is a necessary phase. Unfortunately, the current retention devices and the lack of proper oral hygiene on the part of patients lead to the accumulation of dental plaque, periodontal inflammation, and gingival retraction. Our retrospective study included 116 adult patients wearing various types of orthodontic retainers. To quantitatively determine the accumulation of dental plaque, we used the Quigley–Hein plaque index modified by Turesky and the Navy plaque index modified by Rustogi. Another studied parameter was related to the gingival recession associated with retention devices. We had investigated the correctness of patients’ dental hygiene, their preferences for auxiliary means of oral hygiene, the consistency with which they wear the mobile retainers, and respect the orthodontist’s instructions; we also investigated the inconveniences and the accidents that may occur during the retention period. Statistical analysis showed that plaque accumulation is significantly lower in the case of mobile retainer than fixed retainer wearers; the exception was the Hawley plate, where the interdental plaque was more than in all the other studied retainers. Periodontal recessions were more frequent in the case of fixed retainer wearing. Flossing was the most commonly used auxiliary mean for oral hygiene. The compliance of women in wearing vacuum-formed retainers was better than that of men. Patients with a class III history had more plaque accumulation, and class II/1 had the most problems related to detachment/damage of fixed retainers. Mobile retainers proved better results for oral hygiene, but fixed retainers cannot be waved.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilPeriodontal disease is one of the oldest pathologies as it occurs in most people examined from the past to the present day, regardless of geographical location and age [1,2,3].Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition that starts with the formation of dental plaque at the gingival margin
Regarding the Quigley–Hein plaque index modified by Turesky applied for the male study group, the highest value was obtained when examining patients wearing inferior and superior fixed retainers
According to the initial orthodontic anomaly, those with a history of class III have more plaque accumulation, and class II/1 had the most problems related to detachment/damage of fixed retainers
Summary
According to our analysis (Figure 4), male patients of the study group wore: inferior fixed retainer 39%, superior and inferior VFRs 18%, superior fixed retainer 13%, Hawley retainer 13%, inferior together with superior fixed retainers 9%, inferior fixed retainer together with superior VRF 4%, and only superior VFR 4%. In the case of the Navy plaque index modified by Rustogi, the male study group, for detecting values that are statistically significantly higher or lower than the rest of the values it was applied the two-sided Grubbs test since the data passed the normality assumption. Regarding the Navy plaque index modified by Rustogi applied for the male study group, the statistically highest value was obtained when examining patients wearing Hawley retainer (DF). Regarding the Quigley–Hein plaque index modified by Turesky applied for the male study group, the highest value was obtained when examining patients wearing inferior and superior fixed retainers (it is the highest, but not statistically significantly higher than those others). Regarding the gingival recessions (Figure 7) associated with retention devices in the group of male patients, 28 (62.2%) had gingival recessions of 1–3 mm in the lower arch, and 17 (37.7%) of them had recessions of 1–2.5 mm in the upper; 15 patients (33%) had Figure 6
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