Retrospective of Providing Assistance to Children with Various Developmental Disabilities in Ukraine: X-XX Centuries

Yevheniia Yu Lyndina,Oleksandr V Kozynets

doi:10.52534/msu-pp.7(1).2021.18-25

Abstract

The study and historical and pedagogical analysis of aiding children with mental and physical disabilities make it possible to trace the development of the educational system and find ways to improve it. The purpose of the study is to investigate the issue of supporting children with various variants of developmental disorders during the 10th and 20th centuries in Ukraine, analysis and justification of the problem. To fulfil this purpose, archival sources and scientific studies of scientists who studied this issue were investigated. The main chronological events of caring for children with various disorders, which later became the basis for the development of special education, are substantiated. Based on the chronicles of the Ipatiev and Lavrentiy lists, the public’s awareness of the importance of raising children with hearing and speech impairments, as well as studying the elements of literacy and learning the craft, was clarified. The history of care for children with physical and intellectual disabilities in Ukraine during the 10th-20th centuries is examined. The study outlines information about the facts of the first attempts to provide pedagogical assistance in the education of the so-called “limited abilities” students in the public education system, which was preceded by the reform in the field of education. Historical data on the attitude of society towards children with various developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the period of 10th20th centuries are analysed, as well as the dynamics of development in the field of assistance to children with mental and physical disabilities in this period. The facts about the transfer of the problem of raising children with intellectual disabilities to private institutions and the opening of psychiatric hospitals, which aided persons with developmental disabilities. The study covered I. Sikorsky's contribution to the problem of providing aid and care to those whose mental underdevelopment is a psychological and pedagogical problem. For a deeper retrospective of aiding children with various variants of developmental disabilities in Ukraine in the 10th and 20th centuries, it is necessary to explore the arguments for opening and organising state assistance to various categories of children with mental and physical disabilities

Highlights

Rethinking the existing pedagogical phenomena and the scientific heritage of scholars and practitioners of the past takes place along with the changes in modern society
The study and analysis of historically determined developments relevant for special education led to changes in the system of national education, in particular, in special pedagogy
Medical, and later pedagogical assistance to children with physical and intellectual disabilities depended on many factors

Summary

Introduction

Rethinking the existing pedagogical phenomena and the scientific heritage of scholars and practitioners of the past takes place along with the changes in modern society. The study and analysis of historically determined developments relevant for special education led to changes in the system of national education, in particular, in special pedagogy. They are associated with the need to comprehend the past, an objective assessment of the development of historical conditions, the study of scientific and pedagogical views, concepts, theories and the experience of scientists over the past years. Paramonova and others); study and improvement of the educational and correctional process of special educational institutions for children with intellectual disabilities of varying severity since the end of the 20th century and to this day Mironova and others); study of speech development disorders in children with intellectual disabilities of varying severity, development and implementation of a system of their correction in the process of speech therapy Sobotovich and others) [8]

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