Retrospective Evaluation of Incidental Findings of Temporomandibular Joint Region in CBCT Scans

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of incidental findings (IFs) in the temporomandibular joint region in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. A total of 1,850 randomly selected scans were examined for IFs in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area. IFs of flattening of condyle, condylar hyperplasia, condylar hypoplasia, osteophyte, osteoarthritis, bifid condyle, subchondral pseudocyst, subchondral sclerosis, and soft tissue calcification were evaluated. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. A prevalence of 59.89% of IFs was noted in the present study. Flattening of the condyle was the most reported IF found in 369 (35.6%). Soft tissue calcifications were found in 294 (28.3%) and cysts in 143 (13.8%). When gender-wise distribution of TMJ IFs was evaluated, highly significant differences were noted between the gender for flattening of condyle, hyperplasia, and osteophytes at p <0.001. Dentists must critically evaluate CBCT images for evidence of IFs, so as to ensure comprehensive treatment package and early diagnosis of any disorders. CBCT in the recent times is widely used in dentistry for diagnostic purposes. It not only reveals a valuable diagnostic information of the intended site but also the region surrounding it. Findings obtained in the region beyond the intended site are described as IFs, which becomes important in determining an appropriate therapeutic plan. The study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of IFs in the temporomandibular joint region.