Retrospective Enhanced Bat Lyssavirus Surveillance in Germany between 2018-2020.

Antonia Klein,Kore Schlottau,Elisa Eggerbauer,Conrad M Freuling,Thomas Müller,Sten Calvelage,Bernd Hoffmann

doi:10.3390/v13081538

Abstract

Lyssaviruses are the causative agents for rabies, a zoonotic and fatal disease. Bats are the ancestral reservoir host for lyssaviruses, and at least three different lyssaviruses have been found in bats from Germany. Across Europe, novel lyssaviruses were identified in bats recently and occasional spillover infections in other mammals and human cases highlight their public health relevance. Here, we report the results from an enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance that encompasses samples without human contact that would not be tested under routine conditions. To this end, 1236 bat brain samples obtained between 2018 and 2020 were screened for lyssaviruses via several RT-qPCR assays. European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) was dominant, with 15 positives exclusively found in serotine bats (Eptesicus serotinus) from northern Germany. Additionally, when an archived set of bat samples that had tested negative for rabies by the FAT were screened in the process of assay validation, four samples tested EBLV-1 positive, including two detected in Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of 17 full genomes assigned all except one of these viruses to the A1 cluster of the EBLV-1a sub-lineage. Furthermore, we report here another Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) infection in a Natterer’s bat (Myotis nattereri) found in Lower Saxony, the tenth reported case of this novel bat lyssavirus.

Highlights

Bats (Chiroptera) have been identified or were suspected of being reservoir hosts for a plethora of viruses including those with a zoonotic potential [1]
With two exceptions, all of the 18 known lyssaviruses are associated with bats, their assumed ancestral primary reservoir hosts [9]
16 samples tested positive for lyssaviral RNA by RT-qPCR (Tables 1 and 2)

Summary

Introduction

Bats (Chiroptera) have been identified or were suspected of being reservoir hosts for a plethora of viruses including those with a zoonotic potential [1]. Among the latter, there are pathogens of high concern like Ebolaviruses, Henipaviruses, Coronaviruses and Lyssaviruses [2,3,4,5,6]. Rabies is the oldest known bat associated infection in humans. With two exceptions, all of the 18 known lyssaviruses are associated with bats, their assumed ancestral primary reservoir hosts [9]

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Discussion

Conclusion