Retrospective analysis of the spread of bacterial poultry diseases on the territory of Ukraine for the period 2012–2020

Abstract

One of the most important livestock industries in the world is poultry breeding, which meets human needs for high-quality protein products (poultry meat, eggs) and is characterized by rapid return on investment. Bacterial infectious diseases of poultry are a major problem for the poultry industry and its strategic future. Given the relevance of bacterial diseases of poultry in the world and in Ukraine in particular, the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the spread of these diseases in Ukraine for the period 2012–2020 by analyzing and systematizing the results of bacteriological investigations. In order to analyze the spread of bacterial diseases of poultry in terms of regions in Ukraine, we analyzed data on 20 diseases of poultry, namely: hemophilosis, infectious enterotoxemia, yersiniosis, campylobacteriosis, colibacteriosis, coligranulomatosis, klebsiella, listeriosis, mycoplasmosis, neisseriosis, pasteurellosis, pathogenic proteus, pneumococcosis, pseudomonosis, pullorosis, erysipelas septicemia, salmonellosis, staphylococcosis, streptococcosis and tuberculosis. According to the results of research, it is found that bacterial diseases of poultry are significantly common in Ukraine, the average infection of poultry with bacterial diseases for the period from 2012 to 2020 was 0.8%. The leading role in the etiological structure of pathogens of bacterial diseases of poultry was played by colibacillosis – 56.9% of the total number of all positive samples. Also, the dominant bacterial diseases of poultry in Ukraine during the analyzed period are: salmonellosis (13.5%), staphylococcosis (7.8%), pasteurellosis (7.0%), pseudomonosis (6.8%), pullorosis (3.6%) and streptococcus (2.6%). Significantly fewer positive samples were registered in the bacteriological investigations of other diseases: pneumococcosis 0.5%, tuberculosis 0.4%, infectious enterotoxemia 0.3%, pathogenic proteus 0.2%, erysipelas septicemia 0.1%, klebsiellosis 0.1%, listeriosis 0.1%, neisseriosis 0.08%, coligranulomatosis 0.05% and hemophilosis 0.02%. According to the results of bacteriological research of poultry for such diseases as yersiniosis, campylobacteriosis and mycoplasmosis – no positive test was found for the entire analyzed period. According to the results of ecological and geographical analysis, the heterogeneity of the nosological profile of bacterial diseases of poultry in different regions of Ukraine was established.