Retrospective Analysis of the Salinity Variability in the Western Tropical Pacific Ocean Using an Indirect Minimization Approach

Abstract

Abstract Empirical orthogonal functions of the combined variability of temperature and salinity have been used as basis functions for the indirect reconstruction of salinity from observations of temperature alone. The method employs a weighted least squares procedure that minimizes the misfit between the reconstructed temperature and the observed temperature, but also constrains the variability of the reconstructed salinity to remain within specified bounds. The method has been tested by fitting to temperature profiles from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean array along 165°E in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean (8°N–8°S) for the 1986–97 period. Comparisons of the reconstructed salinity field with sea surface salinity and conductivity–temperature–depth data and of the reconstructed dynamic height with TOPEX/Poseidon observations of sea level demonstrate the reliability of the method. The reconstructed data successfully capture the upper-ocean variability at annual to ENSO timescales. The impact of neglectin...