Retrospective analysis of the origin of corruption as a phenomenon and the degree of influence of the historical aspect on the formation of the modern concept of "corruption"

Abstract

The article is devoted to a retrospective analysis of the origin of corruption as a phenomenon and the degree of influence of the historical aspect on the formation of the modern term of "corruption. The author emphasizes that the approach proposed in scientific doctrine regarding the existence of two aspects (legal and doctrinal) to the construction of a concept is limited. It is suggested to take into account the historical aspect. It's important because in order to form a quality concept that will be clear, accessible and will not require constant updating and improvement. It is noted that initially the existence of the first states, corruption was assessed positively and acceptably. Only the Babylonian king of the city-state of Lagash, Urukagina, tried to change the government to stop the abuse of officials, judges and temple officials. In ancient Greece and Rome, the essence of corruption was interpreted in a unique and different way from the modern notion. Ancient Egyptian law differentiated liability for bribery based on the amount of illicit income. The experience of understanding and counteracting corruption on the territory of modern Ukraine in different historical periods is analyzed. It is emphasized that the process of historical development of the concept of "corruption" was quite complex and largely depended on the political regime, political will and the essence of perception and awareness of this phenomenon in a particular society, during a particular period of historical development. We are convinced that the current legislative definition of corruption in our country in no way reflects the historical heritage, because it is generally focused on international documents. It is concluded that a retrospective analysis of the development of corruption as a phenomenon shows that it is not always perceived as antisocial. Only gradually did mankind realize the nature and degree of its negative impact on the processes of social life. This awareness has forced the state to provide a definition of this phenomenon, which has been significantly transformed over the years. The modern definition of "corruption" should comply with international requirements, but taking into account historical heritage can greatly simplify the law enforcement process and make the law more understandable and accessible.