Retrospective analysis of factors associated with serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 in patients with diabetes.

Abstract

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) plays multiple roles in pathophysiological processes of the human body. Previous studies have evidenced FGF-21 to be an inhibitor of vascular calcification through a variety of mechanisms. Increased levels of serum FGF-21 are known to be associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease; however, the factors affecting the expression of FGF-21 are currently unclear. This study aimed to observe the effects of some medications and other factors on serum FGF-21 levels in patients with diabetes. Baseline characteristics of patients with diabetes, including body mass index (BMI), medication, level of exercise, and other information, were collected and analyzed, and their baseline levels of serum FGF-21 were tested. The relationship of serum FGF-21 levels with these characteristics was analyzed. A total of 2118 patients were enrolled in the final analysis. Results revealed that the serum levels of FGF-21 in patients with a high BMI were elevated compared to those in patients with a normal or low BMI. Furthermore, the serum levels of FGF-21 in patients who engaged in regular exercise were higher than those in patients who exercised intermittently or not at all. No significant differences existed between patients who received different anti-diabetic drugs, or between patients treated with different antihyperlipidemic drugs. Also, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers had no obvious effects on serum levels of FGF-21 in patients with diabetes. Drugs used in the treatment of patients with diabetes have no significant effects on serum levels of FGF-21. Obese patients had higher serum levels of FGF-21 than did non-obese patients. Participating in sports might increase the levels of FGF-21 in patients with diabetes.