Retrospective analysis of emergency room thoracotomy in pediatric severe trauma patients

Abstract

Background Although the integral role of ED thoracotomy for open cardiac massage has been extensively reviewed in adult literature, this “heroic maneuver” remains very controversial and greatly debated in children. Methods and results A retrospective cohort review of emergency thoracotomies in children, performed at a European Level I trauma center between 1992 and 2008 was undertaken. Clinical manifestation, injury mechanism and surgical treatment were described, with special regard to prognostic factors and outcome. A total of eleven thoracotomies were performed, ten for blunt injuries (91%), and one for perforating injury (9%), with a mean age of 7.8 years, range 2.6–15.4 years, comprising eight boys and three girls. The mean Injury Severity Score of the children with blunt force trauma was 46, ranging from 25 to 66 compared with 20 of the penetrating trauma victim. Ten of eleven patients (91%) who underwent ED thoracotomy died. Nine of them were in cardiac arrest on arrival. One patient who had a penetrating knife injury and had stable vital sign on arrival survived. Conclusions Similar to previous studies, out data confirmed ED thoracotomy for children in cardiac arrest from blunt trauma had universally fatal outcome. The mechanism of injury and signs of life at arrival were predictive key factors that influence the outcome of ED thoracotomy.