Retrospective Analysis of Correlation between Peripheral Artery Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Abstract

There are no enough evidences which show the correlation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We have tried to explore the relationship between PAD and DR in this study. Method: Patients with T2DM since more than 5 years with HbA1c > 7% and patients with DR or with no DR were included in this cross-sectional study. As a part of our clinical protocol at the first visit all type 2 DM patients are assessed through ABI, VPT, CAN and retinoscope for their complications. A history of addiction including smoking and tobacco were recorded. Stages of DR were graded by digital retinal photographs using Zeiss VISUCAM. PAD assessment was done by using Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), Toe Brachial Index (TBI) and ultrasound doppler. Result: It was found that out of 573 patients attended OPD in month of November 2017 at Dia Care - Diabetes Care and Hormone Clinic were taken into this study. Out of these 573 patients, the HbA1c of 475 patients was uncontrolled (>8%) with duration of diabetes of 7.5 ± 1.2 years.Out of this, 138 patients were having DR [34 Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and 104 Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)].It was seen that patients with DR had a significantly higher proportion of Peripheral Arterial Disease (ABI < 1 and > 1.3) compare to patients who did not have DR (53 out of 138 vs. 59 out of 337). The patients with DR also had lower TBI and abnormal duplex ultrasound than patients who did not have DR. This showed the correlation between DR and PAD that in patients with DR the incidence of PAD was more common. We also observed the relation between duration of diabetes and uncontrolled glycemic status with that of PAD and DR. We are still evaluating these patients further to establish a positive relation between these variables. Conclusion: We should focus on screening PAD in patients with DR in clinical practice. Disclosure H. Chandarana: None. B.D. Saboo: None. A. Patel: None. D. Hasnani: None. S. Shah: None. R. Goklani: None. D. Panchal: None. M. Saiyed: None. D.B. Chudasama: None.