Retrospective analysis of 55 twin neonates with haemolytic disease of the newborn.

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Haemolytic disease is a condition characterized by anaemia and jaundice, and the course may be more complicated in twins. We investigated the demographic and laboratory characteristics of twins with haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) and compared these characteristics between groups categorized according to multiple birth status (twins vs. singletons) and conception method (assisted reproductive technology (ART) vs. spontaneous conception). Fifty-five twins with HDN and 253 singletons with HDN who were born during the same period (controls) were included in the study, and we performed comparisons between them. The results showed that twin infants were more likely to be premature, have a low birth weight and be conceived via ART than their singleton counterparts. Moreover, a variety of comorbidities were identified more frequently in twins with HDN than singletons with HDN. The minimum haemoglobin and the initial and maximum total bilirubin, albumin and complement 3 (C3) were all significantly lower in twins than in singletons; however, these two groups were not found to differ significantly by direct antiglobulin test (DAT) status. Twins conceived via ART had a lower minimum haemoglobin and initial bilirubin than twins conceived spontaneously. The results of this study suggested that neonatal comorbidities were more common in twins with HDN than singletons with HDN; however, DAT positivity did not appear to play a major role in the higher rates of comorbidities and lower concentration of haemoglobin observed in twins. Among twins with HDN, conception via ART may serve as a risk factor for increased disease severity.