Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the potential risk factors of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. Methods Data on PCO patients diagnosed from September 2015 to May 2017 were obtained from the Department of Ophthalmology at Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China. The factors associated with PCO were assessed using Pearson's χ2 test for univariate analyses and logistic regression for multivariate analyses. Results Eyes (652) from 550 patients were enrolled in this study. All patients were diagnosed with PCO/non-PCO and had <3 years of follow-up after surgery. The numbers of PCO and non-PCO were 108 eyes and 544 eyes, respectively. Statistically significant associations with PCO were found for age at the time of surgery (χ2 = 78.504; p < 0.001), diabetes (χ2 = 4.829; p=0.028), immune diseases (χ2 = 4.234; p=0.004), high myopia (χ2 = 5.753; p=0.016), lens nucleus hardness (χ2 = 11.046; p=0.026), surgery type (χ2 = 11.354; p=0.001), a history of vitrectomy (χ2 = 4.212; p=0.004), ocular inflammation (χ2 = 6.01; p=0.009), and the intraocular lens (IOL) type (χ2 = 8.696; p=0.003). Multivariable data analyses using logistic regression analyses of the variables showed that age at the time of surgery <60 years, diabetes, lens nucleus hardness of III–V, extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), postvitrectomy, and hydrophilic IOLs were significant independent risk factors associated with PCO. Conclusions Age <60 years, diabetes, lens nucleus hardness of III–V, ECCE, postvitrectomy, and a hydrophilic IOL were significantly associated with the formation of PCO. Estimation of the incidence of and risk factors for PCO should help in patients counseling and in the design of treatment protocols to reduce or prevent its development.
Highlights
Cataract is the most common cause of blindness, and cataract surgery is the only cure method performed
Visualisation of the macula was subjectively graded according to the following scale: 0—clear view of foveal reflex, perifoveal blood vessels, and nerve fibre layer; 1—diminished foveal reflex, but clear view of perifoveal blood vessels and nerve fibre layer; 2—blurred foveal reflex, perifoveal blood vessels, and/or nerve fibre layer. e totals for the visualisations of the optic disc and the macula were combined to produce a total posterior pole visualisation score (PolVS), ranging from 0 to 4 (Figures 1(a)–1(d)) in order of decreasing visualisation [4]. e degree of lens nucleus hardness was classified according to the Emery–Little classification
Age at time of surgery
Summary
Cataract is the most common cause of blindness, and cataract surgery is the only cure method performed. E cumulative incidence of Nd : YAG capsulotomy were 10.6%, 14.8%, 21.2%, and 28.6% in the patients after 1, 2, 3, and 4 years [2] Because this treatment risks complications in other structures of the eye, the need for PCO prevention becomes increasingly important. We assessed the incidence of PCO within 3 years after cataract surgery, to identify preoperative and surgical factors associated with PCO in the study population. Factors such as the general condition of the patient, ocular conditions, surgical techniques, and IOL types were considered. Our results should help with evaluations of the long-term prognosis of cataract surgery, and provide early diagnosis and treatment options for high-risk patients
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