Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, which has been applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, uses biomaterials, cells, and other essential components to manufacture organs and tissues with specific biological functions and complex structures. Over the past 30 years, researchers have developed new 3D bioprinting technologies with improved manufacturing capabilities and expanded applications. Chinese research teams contributed significantly to this process. In this paper, we first reviewed the development history and major milestones in 3D bioprinting, categorizing them into two main strategies: "biomaterial-based indirect assembly" and "living cell-based direct assembly". This review further delved into the technical principles, recent advancements, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of each type of bioprinting technology. Finally, the challenges and future directions of 3D bioprinting were summarized to guide future research in China and foster advancements in this dynamic field.

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