Retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy: An early institutional experience

Abstract

Objective To review our initial experience with the retroperitoneoscopic approach, which is rapidly becoming the procedure of choice for paediatric adrenalectomy. Swift access to the vascular pedicle makes this approach ideal for adrenal surgery where haemodynamic instability is a common feature. Method Patients were placed in a fully prone position and the locations of the 12th rib, iliac crest and paravertebral muscles were marked. A 10-mm incision was made lateral to the para-vertebral muscle, halfway between the iliac crest and costal margin. A retroperitoneal working space was created around the kidney using a homemade balloon. A 10-mm Hasson port was then inserted. A 5-mm working port was placed lateral to the tip of the 12th rib and, if necessary, a second was inserted medial to the camera port. Dissection was performed with diathermy and/or Harmonic Scalpel™ and the adrenal vessels were divided between clips. The specimen was retrieved in an endopouch through the 10-mm port. Results Over 16 months, six adrenalectomies were performed in five patients (three boys and two girls); two right, two left and one bilateral. Median age at surgery was 8 years. Presentation was with hypertension ( n = 2), Cushing's syndrome ( n = 2) and abdominal pain ( n = 1). Median operative time was 154 min. A single-instrument port adrenalectomy was performed in three patients. Histopathological diagnosis included adrenal cyst ( n = 1), cystic phaeochromocytoma ( n = 1), adrenal cortical tumour ( n = 2) and central Cushing's disease ( n = 1). All were completely resected. All patients remain symptom free with a median follow up of 17 months. Conclusion These cases represent our initial institutional experience with retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy. The senior reporting surgeons have already surmounted the general learning curve for laparoscopy, and this experience has proved vital to expand our repertoire with encouraging early results. This is our technique of choice as it provides a superior view of the adrenal gland and vessels, with good intraoperative haemodynamic stability.