Abstract
Diseases of the retroperitoneal space include retroperitonitis, hemoretroperitoneum, uroretroperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum, and primary or metastatic retroperitoneal neoplasia. Hemorrhage and urine leakage are the most common causes of fluid accumulation in the retroperitoneal space. Pneumoretroperitoneum can occur secondary to extension of free air from a pneumomediastinum. Primary retroperitoneal tumors are tumors that are located in the retroperitoneal space but that do not arise from the kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, or lymph nodes. Dogs and cats with retroperitoneal disease may be presented with a history of recent trauma. Clinical signs can range from asymptomatic to severe illness or shock. Survey radiography is an excellent modality for evaluating the retroperitoneal space for evidence of disease. Although treatment for retroperitoneal diseases varies with the primary cause, surgical exploration via ventral abdominal midline incision is often indicated.
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