Retrograde atrial preexcitation following premature ventricular beats during reciprocating tachycardia in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Abstract

In 34 successive patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome premature beats were induced from the right ventricular apex during reciprocating tachycardia (RT) at progressively shorter coupling intervals. The presence of an accessory pathway was confirmed by a reduction in the atrial cycle length (A-A interval) during which the premature ventricular beat was introduced. This retrograde preexcitation occurred at a time when the His-AV node pathway was refractory; i.e. there was premature activation of the atria over a pathway other than the His-AV node. 3 patients were excluded because of unsatisfactory or unstable H-H intervals. In the remaining 31 patients with constant preceding H-H intervals, the A-A interval shortened; (a) 35-65 msec in 4 patients with right-sided pathways and normal conduction during RT and by 110 msec in a 5th patient with a right-sided pathway, in whom bundle branch block aberration persisted during RT, (b) 45 msec in the single patient with both a right-sided and a septal accessory pathway, (c) 35-65 msec in 5 patients with septal pathways, and (d) 15-35 msec in only 4/20 patients with left-sided pathways and normal conduction during RT. Left-sided ventricular premature beats were introduced in 5 patients with left-sided pathways and normal conduction in RT. In 4/5, left-sided premature beats shortened the A-A interval 40-75 msec whereas right-sided premature beats at the same coupling interval failed to do so. In the fifth case, the left-sided premature resulted in a 65 msec abbreviation of the A-A interval compared to 30 msec from the right ventricular outflow tract and 15 msec from the right ventricular apex. In 5 patients with left-sided pathways, right ventricular premature beats were introduced during RT with left bundle branch block aberration, and shortened the A-A interval 30-50 msec in all of these, whereas right-sided premature beats in 4 of the 5 during normal conduction failed to do so. This technique is useful to confirm the participation of accessory pathways in reciprocating tachycardias associated with the preexcitation syndromes, and emphasizes the importance of the site of stimulation used relative to the location of the accessory pathway. Because of the possibility of multiple accessory pathways, stimulation of the left ventricle should be performed in patients undergoing surgery for preexcitation unless the left ventricle is already inplicated by right-sided studies.