Abstract
Energy-efficient retrofitting of historic housing stock requires methodical approach, in-depth analysis and case-specific regulatory system, yet only limited efforts have been realized. In large scale rehabilitation projects, it is essential to develop a retrofit strategy on how to decide energy-efficient solutions for buildings providing the most energy saving in a short time. This paper presents a pilot study conducted at a neighborhood scale, consisting of 22 pre-, early-republican and contemporary residential buildings in a historic urban fabric in the Mediterranean climate. This study aims to develop an integrated approach to describe case-specific solutions for larger scale historic urban fabric. It covers the building performance simulation (BPS) model and numerical analysis to determine the most related design parameters affecting annual energy consumption. All the case buildings were classified into three main groups to propose appropriate retrofit solutions in different impact categories. Retrofit solutions were gathered into two retrofit packages, Package 1 and 2, and separately, three individual operational solutions were determined, considering a five-levelled assessment criteria of EN 16883:2017 Standard. Energy classes of case buildings were calculated based on National Building Energy Regulations. Changes in building classes were evaluated considering pre- and post-retrofit status of the buildings. For the integrated approach, the most related design parameters on annual energy consumption were specified through Pearson correlation analysis. The approach indicated that three buildings, representing each building group, can initially be retrofitted. For all buildings, while maximum energy saving was provided by Package 2 with 48.57%, minimum energy saving was obtained from Package 1 with 19.8%.
Highlights
Many countries have introduced numerous policy measures and strategies on energy efficiency depending on national circumstances and political goals, together with increasing risks of climate change and global warming, rapidly depleting natural sources and rising energy demand/consumption [1].There is an urgent need to implement energy-oriented solutions for buildings, since the building sector comprises the largest portion of energy saving potential
While the current attention is towards the upgrading of energy-efficiency policies and retrofit efforts on existing building stock, historic buildings are a non-negligible contributor, since historic buildings constitute over 25% of total buildings [5] and more than 40% of residential buildings in Atmosphere 2020, 11, 742; doi:10.3390/atmos11070742
Regarding total energy consumption for heating, the amount of energy saving for Group 1 buildings ranged from 9.0% (Building 15) to 17.89% (Building 19) with Package 1
Summary
Many countries have introduced numerous policy measures and strategies on energy efficiency depending on national circumstances and political goals, together with increasing risks of climate change and global warming, rapidly depleting natural sources and rising energy demand/consumption [1].There is an urgent need to implement energy-oriented solutions for buildings, since the building sector comprises the largest portion of energy saving potential. Many countries have introduced numerous policy measures and strategies on energy efficiency depending on national circumstances and political goals, together with increasing risks of climate change and global warming, rapidly depleting natural sources and rising energy demand/consumption [1]. It is explicit that the building and construction sectors are the highest final energy-consumers, being responsible for 36% and 39% of energy- and process-related emissions at global level in 2018, respectively [2]. Residential buildings account for 22% [2] and 27.2% [3] of final energy consumption in 2018 in world and the EU-28 countries, respectively. While the current attention is towards the upgrading of energy-efficiency policies and retrofit efforts on existing building stock, historic buildings are a non-negligible contributor, since historic buildings constitute over 25% of total buildings [5] and more than 40% of residential buildings in Atmosphere 2020, 11, 742; doi:10.3390/atmos11070742 www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere
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